RESUMO
The medical field often requires radiologic technologists to make complex decisions that affect patients, employers, and colleagues. Technologists must consider practice standards when making choices, and also must act ethically to protect patients' safety and respect their autonomy. To make the most informed and ethical decisions, technologists should know the history of medical ethics, as well as be familiar with philosophical tools and ethical codes that can guide them in their daily practice.
Assuntos
Códigos de Ética , Tomada de Decisões/ética , Ética Médica , Direitos do Paciente/ética , Papel Profissional , Tecnologia Radiológica/ética , Códigos de Ética/história , Ética Médica/história , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Licenciamento em Medicina/história , Direitos do Paciente/história , Papel Profissional/história , Tecnologia Radiológica/históriaRESUMO
Although brachytherapy had been established as a highly effective modality for the treatment of cancer, its application was threatened by mid-20th century due to appreciation of the radiation hazard to health care workers. This review examines how the introduction of afterloading eliminated exposure and ushered in a brachytherapy renaissance.
Assuntos
Braquiterapia/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Braquiterapia/história , Braquiterapia/instrumentação , História do Século XX , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/história , Lesões por Radiação/história , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Radioisótopos/uso terapêutico , Tecnologia Radiológica/história , Tecnologia Radiológica/métodosAssuntos
Cintilografia/história , Tecnologia Radiológica/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Japão , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/história , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/história , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/históriaRESUMO
The development of modern neurosurgery was, and remains, intimately associated with developments in radiology. Neuroimaging advances have been instrumental in improving patient care and reducing both morbidity and mortality for neurosurgical patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide the contemporary neurosurgeon with an overview of the history of the development of radiology as applied to neurosurgery. The focus is on cranial imaging but the spine is also discussed. This article demonstrates the remarkable advancements that have shaped our modern surgical specialty. Today, almost 120 years after the discovery of the X-ray, the neurosurgeon has a wide array of neuroimaging tools at their disposal, that have led to better knowledge to inform diagnosis and management, selection of appropriate patients and surgical targets, as well as optimal surgical approaches. Modern neurosurgery is based on the appropriate use of these investigations. The pace of neuroimaging and neurosurgical advances continues and the future promises to be as, if not more, exciting as the past and present described in this paper.
